OSPE
| Site: | letslearn.gnomio.com |
| Course: | Community Medicine UG |
| Book: | OSPE |
| Printed by: | Guest user |
| Date: | Saturday, 22 November 2025, 9:25 AM |
The population covered under CHC Chathenkary is 1.4 lakh. The field staff collected 14,000 blood slides in the year 2022. Lab technician examined 9000 slides, out of which 50 slides were positive for malarial parasite. Calculate Annual Blood Examination Rate (ABER). Calculate Annual Parasite Incidence (API).
ABER = Number of slides examined x 100
Population
= 9000 x 100
140000
= 6.4 %
API = Confirmed cases during one year x 1000
Population under surveillance
= 50 x 1000
140000
= 0.36 per 1000 population
A vector survey team from PHC Kuttapuzha visited 100 houses in ward 10 and examined 200 containers. 50 containers showed larval breeding in 10 positive houses. Calculate the various vector indices and interpret.
House Index = no of positive houses/ no of houses visited x 100
= 10/100 x 100 = 10 (High density)
Container Index = no of positive containers / no of containers examined x 100
= 50/200 x 100 = 25 (High density)
Breteaux Index = no. of positive containers x 100
Total no. of houses visited
= 50 x 100=50 (High density)
100
a. A well is having a diameter of 2 m and depth of water column 6 m. Calculate the amount of bleaching powder (33%) required to disinfect the well. The bluish color change appeared in the 4th cup of Horrock’s apparatus.
b. List any 4 features of sanitary well
Well diameter = 2 m
Water depth = 6 m
Volume of water in the well = 3.14 x d2 x h
4
=3.14 x 22 x 6
4
= 18.84 m3
1m3 = 1000 litres
So 18.84 m3 = 18840 litres
Amount of bleaching powder required as per Horrock’s apparatus = 8 g for 455 litres.
So for 18840 litres, bleaching powder required is 8 x 18840 = 331.25 g
455
Bibin, a 15 month old boy weighing 10 kg is suffering from diarrhea for the past 3 days. His eyes are sunken. Mouth and tongue are dry. He is irritable and eager to drink water. Calculate the volume of ORS to be given to this child? What are the danger signs which should prompt the caretaker to seek immediate medical care?
He is suffering from ADD – Some dehydration. So he should be treated according to plan B.
Volume = 75 ml x 10 = 750 ml to be given in first 4 hours
50 – 100 ml after each loose stool
Danger signs- lethargic, drowsy, sunken eyes, not feeding, skin pinch goes back very slowly (> 2 seconds)
Arya, a 3 year old girl weighing 13 kg is suffering from diarrhea since today morning. She has passed 10 loose stools. She is lethargic, not drinking anything. She has sunken eyes and her skin pinch goes back very slowly. Calculate the amount of fluids to be given to this patient? What is the dose and role of zinc supplements in this case?
She is suffering from ADD – Severe dehydration. So she should be treated according to Plan C
100ml/kg RL or NS= 1300 ml
Children - 30 ml/kg in 30 minutes (390ml).
70 ml/kg in 2½ hours (910 ml).
Zinc – 20 mg daily for 10-14 days.
Lowers the duration and severity and incidence of diarrhea in the next 2-3 months.
Jacob, a 45 year old patient weighing 60 kg is suffering from fever, headache, myalgia, abdominal pain and black tarry stools for 3 days. His platelet count is found to be 40000/ cu.mm and heamatocrit raised more than 25% compared to previous result. Calculate the amount of fluid to be given to this patient? When are the indications for blood transfusion?
a. He is suffering from DHF – grade 2
Initiate iv therapy 6 ml/kg/h NS or RL for 1-2 hour = 360 ml/h
Check Hct
Improvement - Hct falls, pulse rate and blood pressure stable, urine output rises - >IV therapy by crystalloid successively reducing the flow from 6 ml/kg/h for 2-4 h to 3 ml/kg/h for 2-4 h and 3-1.5 ml/kg/h for 2-4 h - >Further improvement - Discontinue IV after 24-48 h
No improvement: Hct or pulse rate rises, pulse pressure falls below 20 mmHg, and urine output falls
Hct rises - >Increase IV - 10 ml/kg/h crystalloid for 2 h
Hct falls - >Suspect internal haemorrage -> Blood transfusion (10 ml/kg whole blood)/ (5 ml/kg packed RBC)->Improvement->IV therapy by crystalloid successively reducing the flow from 10 to 6 and later 6 to 3 ml/kg/h. Discontinue after 24-48 hrs.
b. Indications for blood transfusion-
-
Loss of > 10 % of blood volume
-
Refractory shock despite adequate hydration
-
Declining hematocrit
A 52 year old engineer presented to the medicine OP with history of polyuria and lethargy. He weighed 76 kg and his height is 158 cm.
a. Calculate the BMI.
b. Comment on your findings.
c. List any 2 complications that can occur in this person.
a. BMI = Weight in kg
Height in m2
=76 = 30.44
(1.58)2
b. He is having class 1 obesity.
There is history of polyuria and lethargy present. So suspect Diabetes Mellitus and investigate and manage accordingly.
c. Microvascular (diabetic retinopathy, neuropathy, nephropathy) or macrovascular ( stroke, IHD).
The population covered under a sub-centre is 6000 and the birth rate recorded is 20 per 1000 population.
a. Calculate the requirement of pentavalent vaccine for 1 year for this sub-centre.
b. Calculate the total number of pregnancies in a year.
Population of sub centre = 6000
Birth rate = 20/1000
CBR = No. of live births x 1000
Total population
No. of live births (No. of beneficiaries) = 20 x 6000 = 120
1000
Pentavalent vaccine given at 6, 10, 14 weeks (3 doses)
No of doses required = No. of beneficiaries x wastage multiplication factor (WMF) x No. of doses
= 120 x 1.11 x 3 = 399.6
1 vial of pentavalent vaccine contains 10 doses
No. of vials required = (No. of beneficiaries x no. of doses x wastage multiplication factor)/doses per vial.
Therefore no. of pentavalent vials required for one year = 399.6 = 39.96 = 40 vials
10
Expected no of live births (Y) = 20 x 6000 = 120
1000
10% of pregnancies are lost as abortions & stillbirths
The total number of expected pregnancies (Z) = Y + 10% of Y
Therefore total no. of expected pregnancies in a year = 120 + 12 = 132
a. This below graph is called as …………….
b. Cutoff for distinguishing endemic from an epidemic frequency is
c. What are the three types of surveillance conducted in IDSP?
d. List any 4 diseases which are included in the IDSP surveillance
a. Epidemic curve
b. +2SE from endemic frequency
c. Syndromic surveillance, Presumptive surveillance, Confirmed case surveillance
d. Polio, Malaria, JE, Dengue, Measles, TB, Cholera, Plague
-
Following is the graphical representation of incidence rates per 1 lakh population of colorectal cancer in various age-groups from 2016 to 2020
-
What is the below graphical representation known as?
b. What type of data is depicted using the above graph?
c. Interpret the graph provided.
a. Line diagram.
b. Quantitative data
c. Colorectal cancer incidence is found to be increasing from 2012 to 2016 in all age groups. Highest incidence is noted in the age group > 60 years.